Thursday, October 01, 2009

 

Holler Chapters 3-6

Post the summaries for these chapters here. Each summary is three paragraph. Also post the notes, vocabulary, here as well. It can be one post. Make sure you use headings and that the formatting is clear. Use paragraphs and spacing to separate content.

See chapter 1-2 guidelines for additional instructions.

Comments:
Rhonda Washington
English 201A
MW 1-2:50p

Chapter 4
"Give Me a Paper and a Pen"

This chapter for me was interesting because in this era of hip-hop, I did not realize how rap soared in other countries. Tupac was gangsta with a pen and paper in his hand. It is amazing how he can describe life issues so fiercly in just a few verses. Some people may have trouble or find it very difficult to accomplish what Tupac did in such a short period of time.
Dyson spoke of how Tupac was really get into the comparison of gangsters in movies versa rapp. The politics of America can embrace the gangsters like Tony Sorprano, Sylvester Stallone, and our Governer of California. But when rappers speak on gangsterism in their ryhmes it becomes a probelm. What happened to free speech? I guess when you speak on our social issues of proverty and unfair treatment its a probelm.
Some people will believe that rapp is the influence over our youths in our communities. But only over the negatives never over the positives. The nay-sayers will have you believe that our imagination are allowing these stories told to be untrue. But, the reality is that hip-hop Americans will never find a true justice.

Chapter 5
"For all the Real Niggas out There"

Tupac use of the word nigga was not ment for demeaning usage; but to use to help uplift the males in our communities that used the word. He changed the meaning to "never ignorant, getting goals accomplished. A positive to help youngsters know that they did not have to sucome to a class that some would put us all in. And tried to explain that the word "nigger" was not meant by hate, but o way of naming a group or class of people. I found that very interesting.
Tupac did not feel like he had to explain all realms of his lanuage. Some elderly and others felt his lanuage was rude and offensive.However, Tupac stated "I'm sorry if my lanuage offends you, but it can't offend you anymore than the world your generation has left me to deal with". I thought that was brilliantly stated. He always had a come back when people said things he did'nt like , he was truely arguementive.
Mos Def argued alot of points about Rapp and the negative aspects that are quick to get pointed out. There are and were alot of great rappers, but all are not as arguementive. Therefore they did'nt get alot of airplay such as: KRS One, Public Enemy, Twailb Kaweli, Outcast, Will Smith, Queen Latifah, Common, Fugies,Gang Star and Mos Def. Although these people were great rappers as well they didnt' have the confortation and troubles as Tupacs.

Chapter 6
"Do we Hate our Women"

This chapter was deep when it came to male and female relationships and how men personify women. I believe it all has to do with the way you carry yourself. If you are a groupie and willing to have sex without even knowing someone other that who you see on TV I would call you a hoe. A bitch can be one to have a snobbie attitude and is very rude.
I don't feel disrespected when I here men use these terms "BITCH" because it does not apply to me personally. I know who I am, and very comfortable within me. I think that women can be very complex. Tupac sensed that in women. He stated how he liked a girl in high school but she said he was to nice. I think that maybe helped to ascentuate his good boy, bad boy metality.

Tupac did have alot of sexism in his videos, but not by force, these women were readily wanting the attention of these men. Just like the women Jackson who helped to send Tupac to prison. Not that she deserved what happened. But, why would you demean yourself to giving head to a stranger in a night club. I am amazed at women who are quick to give up their bodies and then fell offended when their called a "Bitch". The defination of bitch is a spiteful or overbearing women.
 
Rhonda Washington
English 201A
MW 1-2:50p

Definations:
1.asphyxiate- to suffocate or smother.
2.piecemeal- by a small amount of time.
3.obstreperous- noisily and stubbornly defiant
4.sacrilegious- grossly irreverent toward what is scared.
5.acrimonious- bitter ill-natured animosity esp. in speech/behavior.
6.proliferation- to increase or spread
7.chicanery- deceptionby trickery
8.repudiation- to reject the validity of
9.misogynists- hatred of women
10.trite- lacking orginality
 
Kevan Peabody
Sabir posse
October 5, 2009
Chapter 2
The son of a panther
Since tupacs mother Afeni was always in and out of jail and she was on drugs. Tupac got helped from Afeni family in the black panthers. Tupacs god father was in the black panthers. He was a strong leader in the movement. Tupac spent a lot of his time with the panthers and he learned a lot about life from the panthers. As Tupac got older he started to be a part of the black panther movement.
Tupac was talented; with him being raised with the black panthers he became more enlightened. Tupacs judgment had a lot of black subversion. Tupac extended Black Panther beliefs in his lyrics. Tupac was very rebellious. He fought for what he believed in. he didn’t take anything from anyone.
Tupac believed in all his African brothers and sisters. He didn’t like when blacks put other blacks down. He believed him black power. Tupac felt that African Americans were always put down by other races, so he wanted African Americans to stand up for each other and not go against each other.
 
Kevan Peabody
Sabir posse
October 5 2009

Chapter 4

Give me a paper and pen
In this chapter Tupac explained himself and talked about how he became such a big rapper. Tupac used his music to express his feelings. Instead of holding in his emotions he let them out in his songs. If he had something to say he would say it.
Tupac’s life growing up wasn’t that great. He wasn’t always able to be heard or listened to. So when he got the chance to be heard he took advantage of that. After Tupac would rap and make a song he realized that he reached out to many young black males, or anybody living in the ghetto.
Tupac’s music was popular to almost all hiphop fans and he started to get a lot of attention. Even after his death people still played his music. He is considered to be one of the best rappers of all time.
 
Kevan Peabody
Sabir posse
October 5 2009
Chapter 5
To All The Real Niggas Out There
I really liked this chapter because it talked about Tupac and how he used the word nigger. Tupac used the word nigger in his songs a lot. But this time it was used in a positive way. He used the saying “My Nigger”, as in saying my brother or my friend.
Many people was surprised and didn’t really understand what he was talking about. But people in the ghetto and in the hood understood. In this chapter people ask the question of whether Tupac rapped positive or negative.
In most of his songs there was negative lyrics and he talked about negative things but used it in a positive way. When Tupac talked about the negative, people who was going through those gone situations felt better about themselves.
 
Kathleen Adams
Professor Sabir
English 201A/B
30 September 2009

Analysis and Key Points (Chapter3)

When Tupac was in school, he was not taught about Malcolm X and many other black legends or heroes. Tupac said,"... that the students should be informed about social issues, sex education, frauds, apartheid, and finally yet importantly people going without food. Tupac was keen on educating children stating,"...more kids are being handed crack than they’re being handed diplomas?” Leila Steinberg, worked with the less fortunate children in the city of Watts, Los Angeles. She went to an all black school. She insists that she never related to her roots on both sides. She also led workshops that proved to be beneficial to many children. Tupac and her read and enjoyed talking about what they gathered from each reading. She say,”He did a class project that blew me away, where he did his own 1990’s version of one of Shakespeare’s plays.”That’s why I think we have to study Tupac in every university.” He self taught himself, by reading countless books, magazines and articles in newspapers. The Tupac read and visited these places in his mind, in returned inspired him to explore many other titles. Tupac fulfilled his desire for knowledge, because he was destined to be great from the womb. She embraced the fact that Tupac cared and advocated for the poor and wanted to emphasize on education more in the schools. She was also intrigued by his love of exploring music that expanded beyond his rap lyrics. Learning to read and enjoy different readings, she found that to be cliche coming from a rapper and all. That is what made him a great artist too.
He had wisdom way beyond his years. Tupac encountered and endured many hardships, being on the move constantly. He never completed his schooling. He needed something to fall back on. His love of reading and searching for more knowledge helped him relate to everything that was going on in the world. During his lifetime, Tupac has inspired so many children and adults to peruse the love of reading, poetry and rapping. Taught by the Black Panthers and a street well-informed mom, put him in a transitional place at all times. Brilliance was born; the page in history has been torn, and Tupac will always be adorned.
 
Mai Bee Lor
Professor Sabir
English 201A 8-8:50 am

Chapter Three: “No Malcolm X in My History Text”

Notes:

•Tupac likes all sort of music; He even listened to Sarah McLachlan
•Tupac loved to read, many and different subjects
•Family on welfare; moved about twenty times
•Started writing plays at age six; influence started with watching karate movies
•Teachers complimented on how entertaining Tupac was
•He went to Baltimore School of professional actor
•Tupac believe that schools should address social issues
•Tupac met Leila Steinberg, a dancer and teacher

Vocabulary:

1.Pedagogical: teacher
2.Apartheid: strict racial congregation as formerly practiced in South America
3.Ephemeral: short-lived
4.Xenophobic: fear or hatred of foreigners
5.Jingoistic: warlike chauvinism
6.Parochialism: limited; narrow
7.Itinerary: plan of journey
8.Serendipitous: the making of lucky discoveries by chance
9.Incessantly: constant
10.Pervades: spread or be prevalent throughout

Summary:

Tupac and his family moved about twenty times and were on welfare. Growing up Tupac were complimented by teachers about how entertaining he was. He would watch many Japanese karate movies and get the influence to write plays. He went to Baltimore School of professional actor. Soon there was drama so he left for Marin City.

Tupac loves listening to music. He listened rap to classical to soft music like Sarah McLachlan. He believes that the schools should educate students about social issues involving sex, drugs, racism, and scams. He was rapping, trying to reach children and get them to read. He stopped going to school, but his thirst for knowledge did not stop there. He also likes reading. He was obsessed with reading about racial issues. He likes to cook and he read many books about different food. He then met Leila Steinberg at a concert. They danced, but it wasn’t until the next day in the park that they actually spoke.

Leila Steinberg was a dancer and teacher. She helped poor youth to stay out of the streets and trouble. She taught poetry from many different backgrounds and self-expression to them. She held assemblies at schools to promote her intentions. She had inspired many students. She was Tupac’s literary soul mate.
 
Mai Bee Lor
Professor Sabir
English 201A 8-8:50 am

Chapter Four: “Give Me a Paper and a Pen”

Notes:

•Dee shows Tupac how to create music from the heart and spirit
•Tupac is the most influential rapper
•Tupac rapped about youth problems: confusion, pain, nobility, courage, love, hate, hopelessness and self-destruction
•Tupac easily known by living in experience about his songs
•Rap and hip-hop superstars are obsessed in the way they look with jewels
•Rap music made it big, but lost some of its soul
•Rappers copied successful past artist music
•Rappers rapped about sex, hatred for women, scandals
•Music divided into two: positive and negative
•Adults hates arts created by teens
•There was a love-hate relationship between blacks and whites before Tupac
•Rap is looked upon as bad and fake
•People see black people as music video puts them: violent, promiscuous sex
•Thug life is a way of life like army
•Thug is standing up for oneself, and not afraid of speaking up

Vocabulary:

1.Cognoscente: an expert able to appreciate a field
2.Apotheosis: glorification of a person or thing
3.Shamanistic: range of beliefs and practices containing the spirit world
4.Transcendent: exceed
5.Zeitgeist: spirit of the time
6.Protean: readily taking on many forms
7.Derrieres: the buttocks
8.Misnomer: name wrongly applied
9.Barometer: instrument to measure atmospheric pressure
10.Denigrated: belittle the character of
11.Berate: scold severely
12.Gyrates: to whirl
13.Caveat: warning against certain acts
14.Postadolescent: occurring after a period of adolescent
15.Formidable: hard to overcome
16.Galvanizing: stimulate; spur
17.Exuberance: very healthy and lively

Summary:

Tupac is compared to other rappers. He was considered the most influential one out of the bunch. Tupac rapped about problems that teens were facing like hardship they go through; the love and hate they face. His music was based upon his experiences. Many lives were touched by his songs because they could relate to him. Teens are also attracted to his music because he speaks the truth.

Rap has come a long way from its original place. Some people think that it has lost some of the real soul. Rap can be repetitive. Rappers tried to copied songs from the past that was successful. Raps are mostly about sex, hatred for women, and failure to politics. These are things that the forefathers of blacks have been trying to prove wrong since their entrance here in America. Now people all over the world looks to black people as what they see from rap music videos.

Tupac explains thug as a way of life and not being a gangster. Thug is simply hanging out with friends and standing up to oneself despite the outcome. It is speaking up without being afraid. The word “thugee” came from Indian. It was described as theft and murderers. The world reached newspapers in America and Black youth were attracted to it and started using it.
 
Mai Bee Lor
Professor Sabir
English 201A 8-8:50 am

Chapter Five: “ For All the Real Niggas Out There”

Notes:

•Positive rappers never shot anybody; slapping girls; been to jail
•Tupac is a rapper that represents real a nigga
•Lived short but hard
•Music is obsessed with racial and cultural authenticity
•Mantra: keeping it real
•Authenticity measured upon what is considered acceptable in black life
•Rule: always put your best foot forward
•Nigga: never ignorant, getting goals accomplished
•Blacks could call each other nigga, but whites can’t

Vocabulary:

1.Repudiation: disown; cast off
2.Bourgeois: classification used in analyzing human societies to describe a social class of people
3.Nuances: possessed of multiple layers of detail, pattern, or meaning
4.Idiosyncrasies: a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual
5.Stigmatize: marked as an outcast
6.Elitist: someone who believes in rule by an elite group
7.Puritanical: rigidly conservative in moral and social views
8.Chicanery: deception by use of trickery
9.Sordid: morally degrading
10.Proliferation: to increase in number
11.Miasma: poisonous or toxic atmosphere
12.Impinges: contact; coming together of two or more things
13.Vertigo: dizziness
14.Archetypal: something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies
15.Nefarious: very wicked
16.Pugilistic: sport of boxing
17.Sacrilegious: desecration of something sacred

Summary:

Tupac is considered one of the real niggas out there. He raps about what he’s done. He talked and he walked it. Even though Tupac life was short-lived, he did not live an easy life. In his music, Tupac was obsessed, rapping about being real and racial issues dealt with. He along with other rappers followed the mantra “keeping it real.” Tupac tried to redefine the ingenious word nigga. Nigga was to never be ignorant and always accomplishing goals.

Many people in America are still calling each other niggas. Some people still find it offensive of its meaning of racial struggle. This word is used to substitute friends. Blacks are comfortable calling each other niggas, but whites are forbidden to call them niggas. Whites have argued that if they are friends then it should be okay. This remains as the largest racial taboo. Youths now grow up thinking that the term is okay. They don’t truly look past the word to see whether if it’s right or wrong.

Tupac rapped about signs and cautions of self-destruction, but he forgot to watch his. Kids were getting the wrong message from Tupacs music. Kid were getting violent and wanting to kill. Tupac was living both sides of life. He was in prison when he had a number one record. He was in many movies. He made sure of getting the most out of being black.
 
Mai Bee Lor
Professor Sabir
English 201A 8-8:50 am

Chapter Six: “Do We Hate Our Women?”

Notes:

•Tupac laments his peers for mistreating women
•Told that he’s too nice
•Women claimed they like being called the b word
•Black women marked down twice; “them”: black and female
•White women whose called the b word are considered controlling and with attitude
•Women calling themselves the b word is a practice of self-hatred
•Tupac witnessed Afeni being abused by boyfriend
•Young black males become playas and pimps because that’s all the role models they have
•Young black girls believe their bodies are tickets to pleasure
•If a girl is easy she is a ho, if she isn’t then she’s a b
•Men are promiscuous sex with other women while not with their girlfriend/wife
•Never love or partner with women you sleep with
•Ho’s are to give unlimited uncontested sex
•Wife/girlfriends are to give a stable environment for family where sex is a job and proper


Vocabulary:

1.Retrospect: review; look back upon
2.Rebuffed: reject outright and bluntly
3.Scapegoat: someone who is punished for the errors of others
4.Coalesce: blend; mix together with different elements
5.Chafing: soreness; irritation of skin due to friction
6.Virulence: extreme harmfulness
7.Ostensible: appearing as such but not necessarily so
8.Obstreperous: noisily and stubbornly defiant
9.Exigencies: urgent
10.Aspersions: an abusive attack on persons character or a good name
11.Enclaves: a distinctly bounded area enclosed within a larger unit
12.Beleaguered: to harass
13.Autonomy: self-government
14.Credo: statement of belief
15.Asphyxiate: suffocate

Summary:

Tupac learned to treat women with respect from his mother. Many of his friends gave him credit for this. When Tupac was treating women with respect, they were not attracted. They claimed that he was too nice. Tupac was going to be the scapegoat. He would continuously tell women that they don’t deserve to be called names. He made a song call, “Keep Ya Head Up” for them.

Black women were being called the “b” word or “ho’s”. Men were referring a “b” as a girl refuses to have sex with them; and a “ho” is when she is too easy. White women were also being called the “b” word. Only this meaning is that they have attitude and are controlling. Overtime some women overcame the vicious meaning. They accept themselves to be called “b.” They claim that they are self determined, strong, and vicious; men would fear them.

Black men seek for promiscuous sex. With wife or girlfriend, the women are to provide a safe environment and it is their duty to have sex. As hoes, women are to give unlimited sex without protesting. This makes the male dominant ruling over the women. Tupac meets Ayanna Jackson. She accused him of sexually abusing of forcibly touching her buttocks. Tupac was to be sentence in jail up to four and a half years.
 
Kathleen Adams
Professor Sabir
English201A/B
October 6 2009
Chapter 4

Hip hip

I do not know where to begin. Tupac as we know was always a fire starter when it comes to his mouth and lyrics. Not only his he truthful, but also he does not give a damn who does not like it. Tupac raps and everyone listens to how expresses the things that truly disturbs him. His lyrics were original and remained genuine. Some considered his music negative and contradicting. His music helped him develop into the young man he became.

I like the fact that Toni Morrison had great things to say about hip-hop on youth. She talks about how that it is a good thing for the youth to express with pen in hand. She speaks on Tupac gangster, thug style writing and creating good music. Tupac expands out to so many young people today because so many young people have had to overcome many things just like him. When he speaks people, want to listen. What is hip-hop? Everyday, life situations that cannot be ignored, dealing with homeless, poverty, politics and trying to come up with solutions.
He was only one person though, and many wanted him quiet.

In the end, Tupac has been compared to many of the great self-destructives, like James Dean, Biggie, and Robert Downey Jr. They all lived a self-destructive life. .I really feel that Tupac should not be put into that category, because he was black, he had one strike against him in the beginning.
He wanted to be heard, and even though it was seemingly contradicting, he spoke the truth. In regards to calling women bitches and ho’s it was not the way it sounded. Tupac had great love for women, and did not believe in hurting or disrespecting any of them. Tupac hip-hop gangster rap mad a significant difference.
 
KA said...
Kathleen Adams
Professor Sabir
English 201A/B
October 6, 2009

Chapter 6 Definitions

1.virulence-intense sharpness of temper.
2.ostensible-outwardly appearing as such; professed; pretended: an ostensible cheerfulness concealing sadness.
3.obstreperous- Noisily and stubbornly defiant.

10:44 PM
 
Kathleen Adams
Professor Sabir
English 201A/B
October 6, 2009

Chapter 6


This chapter Tupac’ addresses women, and telling them not to let men talk to them any kind of way. This right here is my favorite piece. Now, he did reference them as bitches and ho’s in a song in previous chapters. There are two sides to every story; of course, it is Tupac. He explains how females call each other bitches and how it is degrading. In the early movements of fighting for equality and freedom to be alive, how that took away from a lot they fought for our equality. Was it all in vain, the pain and suffering that they endured so that we could live freely?

Tupac revisit the crack scene, and what horrific part it played on our mother’s daughters, sons and the family structure. He talks about how women did unspeakable things to get drugs. Using their children at times, to get what has become the biggest part of the black family meltdown (crack cocaine). It was nothing that the women would not do to get the drugs. Some of the acts could not be discussed they were just that horrible. It was a drug that steals your body of nutrients and makes you look like you have aged twenty years in only five.

Tupac gives his input on relationships, the good the bad and the ugly. Tupac has had many relationships in which the women spoke highly of him. One may say that is the total opposite because of the situation that happened. In my view, I believe him. Tupac was brilliant which turn is on, and every young female wanted him. Tupac explains how one female gave him oral copulation on the dance floor. That is not a relationship, especially if you just met someone. Tupac was sentenced to 11 months in jail for sexual abuse; his bail went from 50,000 to 3 million dollars.
 
Kathleen Adams
Professor Sabir
English 201 A/B

My definitions of Bitch

B - Babe
I - In
T - Total
C - Control of
H - Herself

B = Beautiful
I = Individual
T = That
C = Can
H = Handle anything




B = Beautiful
I = Intelligent
T = Talented
C = Charming
H = Hell of a Woman
 
Kelley Yuen
Professor Sabir
MW 1-250pm

Chapter 3 “No Malcolm X in My History Text”

Summary:
This Chapter talks about Tupac Shakur going to school, and how his life had affected him getting an education. In this chapter, Dyson also mention a friend that Shukar met, her name is Leila Steinberg. Skakur barley had a steady home to stay in, and his mother would barely be home to connect with him.
Shakur’s life had a difficult life growing up. His mother was a drug addiction, and she would hardly spend much time with Shakur and his sister. Shakur didn’t like his life that much, but he love playing a role to escape the life he is in.
Steinberg is a white American living in a black community. In the community, this had made her realize where she stands, and how she will try to change the black community the way she was raised. Steinberg had started her own non-organization program that mostly helps the black community. Shakur had attended many of her programs, and this how Steinberg and Shakur gotten closer. Shakur had made her change the way she tech, and Steinberg had made Shakur feel welcome and feel like someone actually cared about him. Shakur had moved into her family. They would always read books together. He had written many poems, and when Shakur had passes away, she had taken the poems she kept and published.

Notes:
-Shakur loves to read books
-Shakur would read any books and every book he can get his hands on
- Shakur had drop out of high school because of his mother addition and the people he was being around
-Shakur would love to write and read about plays
- Shukar’s teacher had told his mother that he was a perfect child and very talented
- Leila Steinberg had interviewed Shakur when they were in high school and before Shakur had drop out of high school
-Shakur believes that school should be teaching the social issues of the world Shakur has a deep love of learning and especially reading
-Shakur was serious about reading and in his lyrics he would encourage kids to read more books

Vocabulary:
-verbatim: in exactly the same words; word for word
-discerned: to distinguish mentally; recognize as distinct or different; discriminate
-jingoistic: the spirit, policy, or practice of jingoes; bellicose chauvinism
-parochialism: a parochial character, spirit, or tendency; excessive narrowness of interests or view; provincialism
-burgeoning: to grow or develop quickly; flourish
-infantile: characteristic of or befitting an infant; babyish; childish
-voracious: craving or consuming large quantities of food
-pervades: to become spread throughout all parts of
-bungalow: a cottage of one story
 
Kathleen Adams
Professor Sabir
English 201A/B
8 October 2009
Chapter 5

“Who’s the man, Tupac of course? With all that wonderful thug, gangster, shoot ‘em up music. By now, everyone who knows someone had heard of Tupac. He was at the top of his game, with others trying desperately to stop him. Tupac was expressing everything inside of him. At this time the word, “nigger” or “nigga was widely being heard over the airwaves. What a disgrace many thought, or would say,”… yeah that’s the shit, turn it up louder.” While others are having a controversy of the word, Tupac had a total different meaning for the word which was,”…never ignorant, getting goals accomplishes.”

Tupac explains how it is not ok for whites to call blacks niggers. That is a big no no. It almost seems a bit taboo, because if it is ok for blacks to call each other that, why can’t the white people say it? That is discussed and is not a wise thing to do .However, the slave masters called blacks nigger, which was degrading. Now after slavery and the loss of many lives it is a daily word used by blacks young and old. Have we changed our standards?
Moreover, many people had various things to say about the word” nigger,” which will be a negative in my book.

There were comments made by actresses, actors, musicians and rappers giving their input on the reference word of “nigger” and how it does play a big part with our youth back then and today. It can be negative, or positive depends on the individual. If you feed children good food, they will be healthy. If you feed children McDonald’s they will not be healthy. Tupac will always be viewed as negative because of the color of his skin and how intelligent he was as brilliant.
 
Jimmy sengthavilay
English 201A
professor sabir
1-2:50pm
Chapter 3
“No Malcolm X in My History Text”
Tupac was a talented young man in the black community. He was really known by his teacher for his delighting spirit he brings with him. This chapter is mainly about his life in school and education. He also love to write plays and he was into acting.
During Tupac life he wrong lots of poem about himself and the world surrounding him. Maybe it was another way for him to express himself. He also love listening to music, one of his favorite artist was Sarah Mclachlan. He was really into reading and problem with racial discrimination due to the fact of the influence of the Black Panther in his life.
Tupac met a white girl name Leila Steinberg who was into helping youth in the community. She was really into helping to make a change in the black community. Which she started her own organization, which was also a non-profit organization to help the black community. Tupac was really into this organization. Leila Steinberg had a deep and caring connection with Tupac. Leila Steinberg” I didn’t want my kids to be subjected to the same stuff that I wasn’t okay with”. During the time Tupac met Tupac stated “I raised my mother and sister” which really show how proud he is in doing this that he had to mention it to Leila.
Note
-Tupac met Leila
-Tupac love music/poetry
-reading was one of Tupac goal for children to start doing
-Baltimore
-Love to write plays.
Vocabulary
-Knowledge: expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education
-Itinerary: the route of a journey or tour or the proposed outline of one
-Distinguishing: to perceive a difference in: mentally separate
-Disheartening: to cause to lose spirit or morale
-Philosophers: a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment
-Theorist: a person who theorizes
 
Adetokunb Fajemirokun
English 201A
MW1-2:50

Chapter 4
"Give Me A Paper and a Pen"

In This Chapter Dyson dissects Hip Hop and Tupacs standing in Hip Hop. Dyson makes some right on points saying Tupac wasent from hip hop stanterds the best mc and dident have the best lyrics but had a mixture of everything that makes hip hop special. Dyson sums it up nicely when he says "If one were confined to a desert island with the choice of taking only one artist to capture rap's range of expression, Tupac could hardly be surpassed" I believe this is exactley correct because Tupac had a versitile style and has a large range of songs reaching every sub genre of hip hop.

Anothere big theme explored in this chapter is hip hop"s rise and it being looked at negativley by the black communties elders. Dyson says "for many blacks over the age of forty, Tupac represents the repudiation of ancient black values of hope and positive uplift" He thinks some older African Americans bealive that rap reinforces stereotypes that black folk have tried to defeat since are ancestors were uprooted and brought to Africa. Dyson also goes on to say how Youth music has always outraged parents who refused to listin and that hip hop just had to go threw there growing pains.

In this chapter Dyson also talks about the violence in hip hop and also the word that Tupac helped make grow into popular culture "Thug" The word Thug is a Indian word that came from the word Thugge.
 
Arely Razo
Professor Sabir
English 201B
7 Oct. 2009

Summaries

No Malcolm X in My History Text

Tupac changed the way that he looked so that he could fit in. Tupac loved to learn, so he read many books. He would read about everything even religion. His teachers at school liked him because he was smart. Tupac didn’t finish high school. A lot of the knowledge that he gained was from his reading. He would even quote Shakespeare.
Tupac and Steinberg got along very well and had many things in common. She liked being able to have a conversation with him about anything and everything. She liked that he could teacher her and vise versa. Tupac would quote things from books in his lyrics.
Tupac had good people in his life. He left school when he formed a rap group. While in school he would goof off. He felt like school wasn’t a place to learn. It was more of a place to hang out with friends and show what you have. Tupac feels that schools should teach other more important things. He left his mothers when she could no longer pay the bills and he started working at a pizza parlor. He began hustling crack.

Give Me a Paper and a Pen

This chapter talks about how many artist use the same beats as the people that were famous with certain songs. Tupac was good at writing about things that would later turn into songs. He was the type of person that influenced many through his music.
There are different type of rapper. Some consider themselves hard core rappers. It is not right that they blame hip hop for all the violence in the world. There was violence in the world way before hip hop. Some rappers don’t like to show who they really are, so they make up things to rap about. Tupac wasn’t that type of rapper, he was honest and truthful.
Tupac has his own meaning of what a thug is. It is not a person that robs someone, he thinks that it is to stand up for your responsibilities. He feels that it is a stage that all go through at a certain point in there life. Even people that are rich go through it. The word thug is said to have come from India. Thug life means the hate you gave.

For All the Real Niggas Out There

This chapter talks about how some rappers such as P. Diddy like to seem as if they are bad, so that they can sell more. He makes people rethink what a real nigga is. Combs was Tupacs enemy. Combs is able to be in both worlds the white and nigga world, which not many can do. They think that people like to hear about killing, women, and about things that catch peoples attention.
It shows how some say that switching to a different religion will change them. This is what Mike Tyson said after he bit Hollyfields ear. Tyson is thought to be a street brawler that is stuck in the body of an athlete. He was the youngest heavyweight champion. He wanted to show people a better image of blacks.
Older people do not like for younger people to use the word nigga because they do not know what it means. They feel tat they were the ones that struggled not them. Many people use the word without knowing the meaning. They especially don’t like whites to use the word because they are free now and don’t want to be addressed like that. Many believe that Tupac is the typical African American. He is how most Blacks are thought to be.
 
Arely Razo
Professor Sabir
English 201B
7 Oct. 2009

But Do the Lord Care?

Tupac was the type of person that was spiritual and believed in God. A church was nice enough to make a memorial service. Syke feels that he has done wrong, but has changed and is ready for when God takes his life away. Tupac was the type of person that cared about others. His family was everyone. He was a unique person.
Tupac didn’t want to be a thug anymore. When he was finally going to leave the business he was killed, he wanted to make his life as an actor, which he was good at acting. The bullet proof vest that he wore did him no good. Many people still believe that he is alive and is hiding somewhere. That is not possible though.
Tupac wasn’t happy with life anymore. It got worse when he got out of prison. As a person he changed, he wasn’t the same person as the one that was put in jail. Something in him died. Some think that something happened to him while in prison. He even felt that he was ready for marriage.
 
Cynthia Phan
Professor Sabir
English 201A 8-9am

Chapter 3 “No Malcolm X in My History Text”

In this chapter it talked about how Tupac grew up not having any lesson taught to him about Malcolm X. Tupac was a very talented and bright child who was well acknowledge by his teacher and other people. In this chapter Tupac met Leila Steinberg at a club party that her husband had DJ for, but she didn’t really know who Tupac was until they really got to sit and talk more. He was into music, acting, and reading. Steinberg recall asking,

“ Okay, you read this book?” Tupac replied, “ I read everything that I can get my hands on,” “Tupac Shakur was always hungry for Knowledge. When he was a boy in Harlem and got out of line, his mother made him read the New York Times all the way through. When he the road as a rapper and actor, he consumed an endless diet of books and magazines” (70).

From this section it tell us how Tupac got so interested into reading and gaining whatever knowledge he ca get. Another passion that Tupac had was music of all sort. He knew every lyrics of all the music writer that was present during his time. He was a smart person and always willing to help whoever he can. He also love education.
 
Jimmy Sengthavilay
English 201A
Professor sabir
1-2:50pm

Chapter 4
In chapter 4 of “Holler of Searching for Tupac Shaker you hear me”, Michael Eric Dyson uses Exemplification to demonstrate that there are many rappers in the world but cannot compare to Tupac’s artistic style. Dyson name many other rappers comparing to Tupac “Snoop Dogg…poetry intensity of Rakim, the deft political rage of Chuck D.”. Many people knew him, feel him, and hear him, because of his baggy jeans and ghetto way of his own life experience that can connect to many people.
Tupac uses hip-hop and rap to demonstrate his life experienced. Although many had the thought that hip-hop and rap gives people that violence and sexual mind, Tupac used another way with hip-hop and rapping. He rapped his own way of dignity and respect for himself, and his own people.
Tupac lyrics also helped blacks over looked on their black youth. His lyrics on black youth were bitterness and anger toward the white folks. It was showing the angry attacks that the white had did to them. Also there were many stereotypes on blacks because of their music and how their music videos is perform, they were seem violent and promiscuous sexual. Although many music and music videos were seen that way, Tupac’s music gave many blacks hope and positive uplift.
Vocabulary
obstreperous- noisily and stubbornly defiant
proliferation- to increase or spread
chicanery- deceptionby trickery
repudiation- to reject the validity of
Transcendent: exceed
Caveat: warning against certain acts
Exuberance: very healthy and lively
note
Tupac is the most influential rapper
Tupac rap
Tupac easily known by living in experience about his songs
Rap and hip-hop
 
Jimmy Sengthavilay
professor sabir
english 201A
1-2:50pm

Chapter 5
For all the real niggas out there
Michael Eric Dyson showed many appreciations on Tupac’s work and how it continues even if he isn’t here with us anymore. After his death, Tupac had become a part of black popular culture. People claim him as the real hard core rapper of all. They also see him as a goddess; they would think he is the person that has a true meaning of the blackness culture of them.
For the days that was been called “nigger” was a sign of hatred of racism from whites power. They would be called a “nigger” from whites as if that is really their real name. From today people use the term “nigger” as a circulation but although they use the word “nigger” so often it would still be an interaction when whites use the term “nigger”
A girl name Kelly says that people might use the term “nigger” to identify themselves on their race, but by what she know, people now days use it as a circulation. Black folks called each other “nigger” to represent each other friendship. Kelly also mention how people are ignoring the whole history on how might the word “nigger” had come from. This word shows many racism and hatred and how this word is used by many artist and copy in a CD and selling at worldwide stores.
Note
Tupac represents real n.i.g.g.a
Music is bad influence sometime
Nigga never ignorant getting goals accomplished
Define black ghetto
vocabulary
Stigmatize: marked as an outcast
Nefarious: very wicked
Contradiction a proposition, statement, or phrase that asserts or implies both the truth and falsity of something
Complexities something complex
Idiosyncrasies : a peculiarity of constitution or temperament : an individualizing characteristic or quality
 
jimmy sengthavilay
english 201A
professor sabir
1-2:50pm

Chapter 6
“do we hate our women?”
In chapter 6, Tupac shows a way of how might women should be treated. Dyson talked about Tupac’s love experienced. Tupac had once liked a girl, he respected her, cared for her, compliment her as how should ever girl in the world be satisfy with. She let him know that it wouldn’t work out all because of his generous way, as she says “too nice”.
Tupac felt stabbed in the back, he then realizes that he might need to show his violence and abusing sign so women might want him. He also noticed that the ones who get all the women is the w=one who are sexual and abusing. Although Tupac has the thought that he want to go the way that might get women, he still doesn’t want to get a women through disrespect.
Dyson said that women are called as “bitch” through men’s supremacy, as how might “nigga” be the other way to identify on blacks. Women that are called a “bitch” are no difference on blacks who were called a “nigger”. Women that are called a “bitch” by make shows a sign of weakness and a lack of self confident, and might be another sign of a men’s power authority. Some black women call themselves as “bitched” to show themselves hatred. As for Lil Kim, she claims herself as “bad bitch” to let others her power.

Note
“bitch” is fraught with peril
Not function enough reason to be call a bitch
To reduce black female sexuality to it crudest

Vocabulary
-Convulsive constituting or producing a convulsion
-Virulence extreme bitterness or malignity of temper
-Peril exposure to the risk of being injured, destroyed, or lost
 
Cynthia Phan
Professor Sabir
English 201A 8-9am

Summary for Chapter 4 “Give Me a Paper and Pen”

In this chapter it was about how Tupac uses his rapping skills to help him express the way that he felt towards his life and the way that all African American was treated by the white people. Also he was very good that writing his only lyrics and song because it was a way for him to really put his heart out there and let people know how he feels and what his life was like growing up. When he writes his music it is from his heart and he is telling the truths about his life. He didn’t have a great childhood growing up so his used of music helped made him feel happier.

Hip pop or rapping helped him reach out to other youths in the community that he was in because he know that somehow people will actually listen to his music so that he could be heard and recognize. He knows for a fact that when people hear his song then they can relate to him and know that there are different alterative to overcome hardship in life. Such as writing their lyrics and expressing how they feel.

Some people have said that rap was a bad influence for their child because it has a lot of negative aspect to it, but Tupac and other rappers was trying to prove that rap music isn’t bad at all. There are different types of rap. There are those that came from people hearts and soul just like Tupac’s and there are those that just write anything and rap. After all, Tupac rapping helped other and I guess it also help made how other felt about rap change their view point about rap music.
 
Margaret Coleman
English 201A
1:00-2:50

Chapter 3
"No Malcom X in my History Text"

One of the more stronger attributes Afeni offered to her children was her ability to force knowledge and world education upon them. Her belief in acquiring knowledge was, not to believe in everything you hear. Take what you hear or read and look it up, research it, review it and create your own take on it.
Tupac benefited from Afeni’s encouragement to read. He love to read and per individuals that new him, he read everything. Even though he himself claims that his desire to be popular overpowered his need for learning. However, he read and was able to comprehend what he read very well. His comprehension of what he read combined with the literal and liberal teachings of Afeni taught him to become a person whom debates, argues and sometimes passes judgment.
Tupac believed that school children were not taught about the things that mattered. He believed, as did his mom, that your real training came from the streets. He believed you learned more when taught about politics and how they affect you. He encouraged young people to alter their thoughts and embrace social issues. Per producer, Preston Holmes, kids need to be made aware that Tupac was an individual who loved poetry prior to rap and hopefully the kids that are headed in the wrong direction will incorporate this same passion that Tupac had about the arts.
 
Margaret Coleman
English 201A
1:00-2:50

Chapter 4
"Give me a Paper and Pen"

At the beginning of this chapter a rapper indicates how they were not impressed with Tupac’s rapping and that he did not become fund of his rapping until he sat down and talked to Tupac. Per the rapper, Tupac expressed to him that rap should be created from the heart and the spirit.
Rap (hip hop) brought out a lot of critics of the music, especially with the older black generation. They could not adapt to the concept of the profanity used, the vulgarity of it or the belittling of women. Some felt that rap is poison to the young particularly the young black kids who adore this music not to mention the videos accompanied with the rap songs.
Half a decade after Tupac’s death “Until the End of Time” was released, a double compact CD in which over 400,000 copies were sold. There is skeptics who believe that the CD possibly sold so much because people old and young wanted to hear what Tupac really had to say and that perhaps what he had to say may have been of more importance than before his death.
 
Julianne Bauer
Professor Sabir
English 201B
MW 1-2:50

Chapter 3: "No Malcolm X in my History Tex"

This Chapter Tupac was talking to steinberg and ask about a book he was reading and he said that he reads whatever he gets his hands on. He would also write plays when he was six years old and would stage the productions with his cousins. Tupac also learned how to act in Baltimore school of arts.

Tupac was an outsider he couldn't play basketball and he was a target of street gangs and he wrote poetry. Tupac was also saying that there should be a class on everything such as drugs, sex education,scams,religious,police brutality, apartheid, racism in America and why are people are hungry.

Tupac also talked about how there is different types of classes such as lower-class and middle-class and upper-class. Tupac also met Lelia steinberg and he went to her class workshop.

Chapter 4: "Give me a paper and a Pen"

In this chapter Big Tray Dee talked about Tupac songs. He said that he didn't like his songs but his songs would grow on him.

Tupac described about his tatoo called "Thug Life" and he was explaining his tatoo. And he also talked about the 70's hairstyle and the 1990's outbreak and talked about clothes too.

Tupac also talked about Bruce Willis, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Tom Cruise. In 1996 MTV Interview Tapac talked about his rap video "2 of America's Most Wanted"

Chapter 5 "For All the Real Niggas out there"

In this chapter Tupac was explaining about how afrian american poeple use the N word. Tupac was talking about how he explain the N word as "never ignorant", getting goals accomplished". Also when I reading this chapter it was saying that African Americans can call each other the N word.

Tupac also did a song called Strictly for my Niggaz" Kweli was talking about the N word for the black youth. It refers to them as their homeboys who are down the street.

Jada Pinkett Smith was talking about Tupac. She said that tupac brought back the African American male experience to the light.
 
Julianne Bauer
Professor Sabir
English 201B
MW 1-2:50

Chapter 6 "Do we Hate our woman"

In this chapter Tupac was talking about how he seen guys speak to women with no respect. And he talked about how he liked this girl and he was gentleman and she didn't like it because she wanted a bad boy.

Also in this chapter was talking about the "Bitch" and explaining the word Bitch. Afeni talked about how she is a bitch sometimes.

This chapter also talked about how woman named Ayanna. She said that tupac raped her. But tupac said that he didn't do that. Tupac also said that he wants women who is attracted to his Thug side and they don't understand his sensitive side. And wants a woman who is attractedto his sensitive side and dosen't understand his Thug side.
 
Adetokunbo Fajemirokun
English 201B
MW 1-2:50pm

Chapter 6
"Do We Hate Our Women"

This chapter by far is my favorite in the book. Dyson does a good job of breaking down the way males feel about women. A lot of the things he said is exactley how i feel like when he said "I want to chase women, but I want my women to be chaste" Thats how a lot of men feel and Dyson did a good job of explaining it.
Dyson also talked about the ugly words Bitch and Ho. He talked about the diffrence between a white bitch and a black bitch. The main diffrence is that a White women is only called a Bitch when she is controlling aggresive and assertive but all black women are called bitches. The word Ho is also a problem according to dyson because it makes women feel bad about there sexuality and can make them lose self confidence if they feel bad about something that is natural. Dyson says "If women give sex easily, they're "hos" If they don't, they're "bitches"
Tupacs emotional duality is also showed in this chapter. Or maybe it was more of a change because of expierncies or a change because of money or fame. But as a young kid seventeen Tupac talks about how much respect he has for women and how he would even defend them with his fist. He says he respected them so much it was hard for him to get a date because they said he was too nice. 5 to 10 years later Tupac is making songs like "I get around" or "wonder why we call you bitch" This is a change that Tupac sums up like this "After you get past your mad angry f the world stage you really get into your freaky I want to f the world stage and thats where im at now"
 
Cynthia Phan
Professor Sabir
English 201A 8-9am

Summary for chapter 5 For all the Real Niggas out There

In this chapter it talked about how Tupac is no longer alive living on Earth, but that his rapping has touched and has been recognize by many people. Many have said that rapping has a “positive” and “negative” side to it because it bring violence such as; shooting someone, slapping “bitches” up, going to jail for murder, and etc. Rapping is negative because it glorify guns, gangs, and the ghetto. According to the author he said,

“One of the drug dealers insists that the only “ niggas I hear representin’( hard-core rap) is Tupac, G-Rap, and Wu-Tang. Before Tupac death from gunshot wounds, Tupac had become part if the folklore of black popular culture”(142).

Many have recognize Tupac’s music because his hard-image was widely known from films that he was in before his death. Also the word “nigger” is highly used in black American community and in lyrics that rapper writes. They use the term “nigga” in favor of hip-hop. Tupac himself use that term but he try to redefine it like he did with the term thug. To Tupac n-I-g-g-a stood for “ never ignorant, getting goals accomplished.”
 
Cynthia Phan
Professor Sabir
English 201A 8-9am

Summary for chapter 6 “Do We Hate Our Women?”

In this chapter it talked how Tupac was a respected person who doesn’t look down on women or call them names just because the women do not want to hook up with them or whatsoever. He would defend women by using his fist because he would not allow other men to disrespect women like that. Many of the women was mistreated, looked down, and named call. They were call the b word a lot by men. He treated women with the most utmost respect. He said,

“ I was liking this girl in [Tamalpais High], and I’m extra nice, “Extra gentleman. I’m extra just, like, ‘Oh, you’re beautiful, and you deserve the best.’ And she told me I was too nice. I couldn’t believe it. It wouldn’t work because I was too nice. That was the ultimate stab in the back”(176).

He couldn’t believe that a women would actually tell him in his face that he was too nice. That hurt him for a while because he was just has a lot of respect toward all women. Because of this incident Tupac tried to be like a bad boy and see if he would get any women attention because it seem to him that all the women was going for the bad boys who insult women.

Dyson mentioned that, “ radical and generational difference intervene. That independent and aggressive white women are certainly viewed as “bitches,” but that is because of their threat to male power. By contrast, independent and aggressive black women are often viewed as “bitches” because of their threat to the social ord
 
Kelley Yuen
Professor Sabir
MW 1-250pm

Chapter 4 “Give Me a Paper and a Pen”

Summary:
Big Tray Dee is a rapper and he did a soundtrack with Tupac. Dee is really critical and skeptical about lyrics. Dee said that maybe 30 % of Tupac’s lyrics; he doesn’t feel what the lyrics are about. As time goes by and Dee keep listening to Tupac’s songs grew on him. Then Dee would understands where Tupac is coming from and why would he write the lyrics. Dee would have to be in the mood to relate to Tupac’s songs. Tupac had show Dee how to create lyrics from his heart and spirit.
Tupac is the most influential rapper among other rappers. Tupac is lucky to have producer putting melody together for his lyrics. There is a love-hate relation between black folk and hip-pop way before Tupac and other rappers.
Thug life is not an image; it’s a way of life that, that is how Tupac describe the term “thug.” He thinks that being real and not robbing people, or killing people would make you a thug.

Notes:
-critical and skeptical about lyrics and what people think about it
-30 percent of Tupac’s songs that Dee would not feel into
-Tupac’s songs grow on Dee
-people love Tupac because they know him
-Dee needs to be in the feeling to relate to Tupac’s songs
-rejection on hip-pop for young black male
-hip-pop is not really black music
-art and social responsibility is a complex relationship
-young black male, Hispanic, and Puerto Rican’s energies would be on the streets

Vocabulary:
-crucial: involving an extremely important decision or result; decisive; critical
-formidable: causing fear, apprehension, or dread
-shamanistic: the animistic religion of northern Asia, embracing a belief in powerful spirits that can be influenced only by shamans
-thespian: pertaining to tragedy or to the dramatic art in general
-zeitgeist: the spirit of the time; general trend of thought or feeling characteristic of a particular period of time
-lucrative: profitable; moneymaking; remunerative
-consternation: a sudden, alarming amazement or dread that results in utter confusion; dismay
-vampirism: belief in the existence of vampires
-virtuosity: the character, ability, or skill of a virtuoso
-perpetuated: to preserve from extinction or oblivion
-motley: exhibiting great diversity of elements; heterogeneous
 
Kelley Yuen
Professor Sabir
MW 1-250pm

Chapter 5 “For All the Real Niggas Out There”

Summary:
This chapter talks about how is a “real nigga” should act. The “positive” rappers have been move down the list because they never shot nobody, “slapping bitches” and never been to jail for murders. A drug dealer had said the only hard-core rappers are Tupac, G-Rap, and Wu Tang.
Tupac had a hard-core image in the film “Clockers,” an image that is well-known to others. This is how black youth see if Tupac and how his imagine was presented. The film suggested that black youth must learn the truth of how a hard-core hip-pop is like and the image of Tupac being one. Black youth must learn there is a limit between being real and its relation to the represented.
Sean “Puffy” Combs is a rapper. Tupac had view Combs as his sworn enemy along with some of Combs’s protégé. Combs’s record and video had shown his fans and critics that he is the “real nigga.” Tupac had laid out the predicate of a “real nigga.” It is someone that is willing to die for his homies, love black women, and keep their black women in their place.

Notes:
-Spike Lee did a film base on Richard Price’s novel “Clockers”
-living through the life of gangsta
-find an escape through music
-“keeping it real”
-struggles had attracted people to hip-pop and other great black arts.
-“Rappers talk about keeping it real…But it ain’t real; its theater”
-Tupac wants to be a poet and an actor, not a street gang
-Tupac’s art had change people lives
-positive rapper had made young youth survive

Vocabulary:
-glorifying: to cause to be or treat as being more splendid, excellent, etc., than would normally be considered
-acrobatics: something performed with remarkable agility and ease
-notorious: widely and unfavorably known
-bourgeois: a member of the middle class
-idiosyncrasies: a characteristic, habit, mannerism, or the like, that is peculiar to an individual
-mantra: a word or formula, as from the Veda, chanted or sung as an incantation or prayer
-savvy: to know; understand
-linguistic: of or belonging to language
-supremacist: a person who believes in or advocates the supremacy of a particular group, esp. a racial group
-impinges: to make an impression; have an effect or impact
-combustible: easily excited
 
Kelley Yuen
Professor Sabir
MW 1-250pm

Chapter 6 “Do We Hate Our Women?”

Summary:
This chapter talks about how young black men see young black women. The teenager conjures an image from his recent past, sad the harm of young women by his male counterparts. The way young black male sees a young black female, and the names they call them. Comparing to the white women, it’s really different from how the black male called the black female.
The bad boys can be aggressive toward women. They will call the black women the “bitch” word, slap them, push them around, and that’s how they get girls. The nice guy will sweet talk the girls, and would show them with lots of respects. Some girls won’t take that kind of name calling; she would not try to get with them, no matter how sweet they can talk to them.
Tupac was capable to have a good relation with a woman. All the women that know him, they all loved him, and he would treat them with respects. Tupac was convicted on two counts of sexual abuse. Later, Tupac was shot 5 times during a robbery. Tupac was devastated when he had spend all these time praising for these young black women, and when Ayanna Jackson had put him in jail for sexual abuse.

Notes:
-respect women
-extra nice, extra gentlemen
-women should be treated by men in power symbols of sexism
-draws myths and stereotypes about black female
-many young and older women proud to be “bithches”
-black female’s body is revictimized when it is eyed primarily to satisfy men’s appetite
-want and expect from women
-attracted to his sensitive side, but don’t understand his thug life
-dilemma he took to his grave
-hard to find a women he wants

Vocabulary:
-deplore: to regret deeply or strongly; lament
-chivalry: the rules and customs of medieval knighthood
-anticipated: to realize beforehand; foretaste or foresee
-woo: to seek to win
-scapegoat: a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place
-coalesce: to grow together or into one body
-chastising: to discipline, esp. by corporal punishment
-chafing: to wear or abrade by rubbing
-epithets: a word, phrase, or expression used invectively as a term of abuse or contempt, to express hostility, etc
-steadfast: fixed in direction; steadily directed
-skirmishes: any brisk conflict or encounter
-protracted: to draw out or lengthen, esp. in time; extend the duration of; prolong
 
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